"halten" meaning in Middle English

See halten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈhaltən/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English healtian, from Proto-West Germanic *haltōn, equivalent to halt (“limping”) + -en (infinitive suffix) Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|healtian|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English healtian, {{inh+|enm|ang|healtian}} Inherited from Old English healtian, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*haltōn}} Proto-West Germanic *haltōn, {{af|enm|halt|-en|id1=lame|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitive suffix|t1=limping}} halt (“limping”) + -en (infinitive suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} halten, {{enm-verb|stem=halt}} halten (third-person singular simple present halteth, present participle haltende, haltynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle halted) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|halt|3s2=halt}} Forms: halteth [present, singular, third-person], haltende [participle, present], haltynge [participle, present], halted [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], halten [infinitive], to halten [infinitive], halte [infinitive], halte [first-person, present, singular], halted [first-person, past, singular], haltest [present, second-person, singular], haltedest [past, second-person, singular], halteth [present, singular, third-person], halted [past, singular, third-person], halte [present, singular, subjunctive], halted [past, singular, subjunctive], halte [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], halten [plural, present], halte [plural, present], halteden [past, plural], haltede [past, plural], halteth [imperative, plural, present], halte [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], haltynge [participle, present], haltende [participle, present], halted [participle, past], yhalted [participle, past], halte [alternative]
  1. To limp; to walk falteringly or unbalancedly.
    Sense id: en-halten-enm-verb-O9arMe7O Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Gaits Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 29 27 20 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 26 25 27 23 Disambiguation of Gaits: 34 22 22 23
  2. To err or deviate (in behaviour or conduct)
    Sense id: en-halten-enm-verb-44vQJsPB Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Human behaviour Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 29 27 20 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 26 25 27 23 Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 15 58 19 8
  3. To proceed or act crudely or haltingly.
    Sense id: en-halten-enm-verb-s4C86MXM Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Disability Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 29 27 20 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 26 25 27 23 Disambiguation of Disability: 23 21 32 24
  4. (rare) To waver; to be indecisive. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-halten-enm-verb-Bq~6ag2z Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 29 27 20 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 26 25 27 23

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "halt"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "halt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "halt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "healtian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English healtian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "healtian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English healtian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*haltōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haltōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "halt",
        "3": "-en",
        "id1": "lame",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitive suffix",
        "t1": "limping"
      },
      "expansion": "halt (“limping”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English healtian, from Proto-West Germanic *haltōn, equivalent to halt (“limping”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "halteth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to halten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yhalted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "halten",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "halt"
      },
      "expansion": "halten (third-person singular simple present halteth, present participle haltende, haltynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle halted)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "halt",
        "3s2": "halt"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 29 27 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 25 27 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 22 22 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Gaits",
          "orig": "enm:Gaits",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To limp; to walk falteringly or unbalancedly."
      ],
      "id": "en-halten-enm-verb-O9arMe7O",
      "links": [
        [
          "limp",
          "limp"
        ],
        [
          "walk",
          "walk"
        ],
        [
          "falteringly",
          "falteringly"
        ],
        [
          "unbalancedly",
          "unbalancedly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 29 27 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 25 27 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 58 19 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Human behaviour",
          "orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To err or deviate (in behaviour or conduct)"
      ],
      "id": "en-halten-enm-verb-44vQJsPB",
      "links": [
        [
          "err",
          "err"
        ],
        [
          "deviate",
          "deviate"
        ],
        [
          "behaviour",
          "behaviour#English"
        ],
        [
          "conduct",
          "conduct#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 29 27 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 25 27 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 21 32 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Disability",
          "orig": "enm:Disability",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To proceed or act crudely or haltingly."
      ],
      "id": "en-halten-enm-verb-s4C86MXM",
      "links": [
        [
          "proceed",
          "proceed"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "crudely",
          "crudely"
        ],
        [
          "haltingly",
          "haltingly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 29 27 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 25 27 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To waver; to be indecisive."
      ],
      "id": "en-halten-enm-verb-Bq~6ag2z",
      "links": [
        [
          "waver",
          "waver"
        ],
        [
          "indecisive",
          "indecisive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To waver; to be indecisive."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhaltən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "halten"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Disability",
    "enm:Gaits",
    "enm:Human behaviour"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "halt"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "halt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "halt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "healtian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English healtian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "healtian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English healtian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*haltōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haltōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "halt",
        "3": "-en",
        "id1": "lame",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitive suffix",
        "t1": "limping"
      },
      "expansion": "halt (“limping”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English healtian, from Proto-West Germanic *haltōn, equivalent to halt (“limping”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "halteth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to halten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haltende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yhalted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "halten",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "halt"
      },
      "expansion": "halten (third-person singular simple present halteth, present participle haltende, haltynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle halted)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "halt",
        "3s2": "halt"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To limp; to walk falteringly or unbalancedly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "limp",
          "limp"
        ],
        [
          "walk",
          "walk"
        ],
        [
          "falteringly",
          "falteringly"
        ],
        [
          "unbalancedly",
          "unbalancedly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To err or deviate (in behaviour or conduct)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "err",
          "err"
        ],
        [
          "deviate",
          "deviate"
        ],
        [
          "behaviour",
          "behaviour#English"
        ],
        [
          "conduct",
          "conduct#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To proceed or act crudely or haltingly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "proceed",
          "proceed"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "crudely",
          "crudely"
        ],
        [
          "haltingly",
          "haltingly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To waver; to be indecisive."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "waver",
          "waver"
        ],
        [
          "indecisive",
          "indecisive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To waver; to be indecisive."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhaltən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "halten"
}

Download raw JSONL data for halten meaning in Middle English (5.4kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.